So if you read Time #21 and you wondering how ferritin works as a semiconductor you are in luck. Iron is an essential trace element that is used to form molecules in the body, such as hemoglobin. Ferritin is the major storage protein for iron. Free iron is toxic for cells because of its reactivity. So what controls its release? Its charge within the ferritin protein controls its release. Since iron is very reactive to sunlight becuase of its large amount of D shell electrons. Iron has a higher rate of emissivity than other atoms in cells and atoms with this ability readiate more energy than expected. When their emissivity is in the IR range of light, the proteins containing iron seem to be more energized. Emission of light energy reflects the intensity of charge movement in a protein. Ferritin is a solar active protein. Sunlight wavelengths can change when light travels through the atomic material in a cell or in blood. This change in incident light frequency is called a Stokes shift. The reason for this is when sunlight energized blood plasma solar radiation drives the charge movement which generates new electromagnetic waves that can also generate other electromagnetic waves that change the charges in their local environment. So when ferritin rises it is usually because people are not spending enough time in the sun. The body up-regulates ferritin production in this case awaiting its activation. Many people think that ferritin elevation is a sign of inflamamtion but it is actually a sign that these people live a solar spectral deficient life. If you lack sunlight, you have less electrons and more protons in tissues and this lowers the pH and this decreases the exclusion zone (EZ) in water. Ferritin is the protein within the body that stores iron and releases it through channels in a controlled fashion. The unique structure of ferritin forms a spherical shell in which the iron is "stored" as Fe(III) in a crystalline mineral. Ferritin consists of 24 peptide subunits that form two types of channels where these subunits intersect; the 3-fold channel is polar and the 4-fold channel is nonpolar. The residues that line the channels determine the polarity of the channel. Polarity refers to significant differences in charges due to the electronegativity between adjacent atoms in a molecule. The polarity of the channel link to the size of the EZ in blood plasma. The iron in the ferritin core is stored as Fe(III) in a crystalline solid. This crystal acts as a semiconductor inside of ferritin. The smallest repeating unit of the ferritin lattice is called the unit cell. The unit cell for iron is ferrihydrite. In the mineral ferrihydrite, every Fe(III) ion is coordinated to six O(II) ions. Oxygen is very electronegative compared to Fe(III). However, in ferritin, the mineral core has approximately 10% of the Fe(III) ions coordinated to five O(II) ions and 1 phosphate group. Phosphate is very active photosynthetically with sunlight. Most of the phosphate groups that are coordinated to the iron ions lie on the outside of the crystalline structure in ferritin, and are used to bind the mineral to the residues on the inside of the ferritin protein shell. When the Fe(III) in the crystalline mineral is reduced (added electrons from phosphorus or the charge separation of water by sunlight) to Fe(II) state, the iron becomes solvated in blood plasma and ferritin releases the solvated iron to tissues, in this form Fe(H2O)62+, through ferritin's 3-fold polar channel. In order for iron to be released from ferritin, the mineral lattice must be dissolved (i.e., to allow the iron atoms to break away from the lattice structure deep inside ferritin). This removal is accomplished by reducing iron from the Fe(III) (ferric) oxidation state to the Fe(II) (ferrous) oxidation state. In the Fe(II) state, iron breaks away from the lattice as the Fe2+ ion. The POSITIVE CHARGE of the Fe2+ ion attracts the electronegative oxygen atoms (ELECTRONEGATIVE) in water, and so a water "cage" forms around the ion. That cage is a Farady cage which shelters the iron from other electromagnetic waves. Hence, ferritin can control the amount of available iron in the body electrostatically, preventing iron disorders like anemia and iron overload. If someone's environment ruins the electrostatic mechanism expalined above for any reason it will effect iron status and ferritin levels in the blood. This mechanism is linked to presence or absence of charge in blood plasma or in phosphorus as a dopant. The EZ potential energy holds the key to what your iron status ultimately will be. Anemia is becoming epidemic in women and children these days for a deep reason: humans have created a low quantum yield world and this alters the charge of blood plasma which directly impacts the release of iron from ferritin.
The three-dimensional structure of ferritin is crucial to understand its quantum function within the body. In fact, the three-dimensional stucture of any molecule is critical in determining a molecule's properties and function optically. Hence, to better understand ferritin's role in the body, we must familiarize our self to different types of molecular representations to study ferritin's three-dimensional stucture.
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